Hypermethylation of DNA is a common molecular alteration in human neoplasia including renal cancer. Altered methylation has a role in silencing tumor suppressor genes. DNA methylation markers have been found not only in primary tumors, but also in serum, plasma and urine in a variety of cancer types. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) may be an ideal candidate for urine and blood screening because the kidney is at the junction of the circulatory and urological systems. Dalgin et al (page 1126) from Boston, Massachusetts searched the selected DNA regions of 19 significantly down-regulated genes whose expression patterns correlated perfectly with RCC and normal kidney tissue. Methylation patterns were analyzed in DNA extracted from 38 paired RCC normal samples. Seven significantly hypermethylated regions from 6 down-regulated genes were found. The down-regulation of all genes was verified in mRNA and protein level. Overall, the detection of hypermethylation in these highly down-regulated genes suggests that assaying for methylation using cells from urine or blood could provide the basis for a viable diagnostic assay.
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